Leitura e interpretação de texto - Questões de múltipla escola em inglês
Male body image
Maybe it’s a shift in society; maybe it’s
entirely thanks to David Beckham, but one way or another men have started to
care about the way they look.
What a great figure
New figures show that the market amongst young men for plastic surgery is bigger than ever; it has doubled in the last five years. In America sales of men’s hair dyes have risen from 18 million to over 100 million in the same period. And the picture looks pretty similar in Britain. Last year the UK grooming market, according to a Mintel report, was estimated to be worth around £585 million in the UK. Clinique reported that their company’s
sales to men increased by 25% in 1999, suggesting that up until recently men have been buying women’s skin care products for themselves. Now the same products are being repackaged to attract the male buyer, so there’s nothing stopping you acting as vain as Big Brother contestant, Paul Clarke.
New figures show that the market amongst young men for plastic surgery is bigger than ever; it has doubled in the last five years. In America sales of men’s hair dyes have risen from 18 million to over 100 million in the same period. And the picture looks pretty similar in Britain. Last year the UK grooming market, according to a Mintel report, was estimated to be worth around £585 million in the UK. Clinique reported that their company’s
sales to men increased by 25% in 1999, suggesting that up until recently men have been buying women’s skin care products for themselves. Now the same products are being repackaged to attract the male buyer, so there’s nothing stopping you acting as vain as Big Brother contestant, Paul Clarke.
Men and their worst bits
When men are dissatisfied, the main focuses of concern are height, stomachs, chests and hair loss. Guys often surreptitiously draw in their stomachs and walk ‘taller’ as they pass mirrors (check it out if you
don’t believe us). Dr Stephen Edwards, a lecturer in Psychology at the University of Wales, Swansea, is currently researching the structure of male body image and body image concerns in men. He believes that young men today feel more pressure to look good than they did just five years ago, but it is still doubtful that they feel the same pressures from media influences as women do. However, he is quick to point out the main body image issues that affect men more than women. “Muscularity is not an issue for women whereas it is for men,” he says. “Being ‘too’ thin is not a problem for women, whereas for men this would be equated with being weedy.”
When men are dissatisfied, the main focuses of concern are height, stomachs, chests and hair loss. Guys often surreptitiously draw in their stomachs and walk ‘taller’ as they pass mirrors (check it out if you
don’t believe us). Dr Stephen Edwards, a lecturer in Psychology at the University of Wales, Swansea, is currently researching the structure of male body image and body image concerns in men. He believes that young men today feel more pressure to look good than they did just five years ago, but it is still doubtful that they feel the same pressures from media influences as women do. However, he is quick to point out the main body image issues that affect men more than women. “Muscularity is not an issue for women whereas it is for men,” he says. “Being ‘too’ thin is not a problem for women, whereas for men this would be equated with being weedy.”
Distorted body image and health problems
“As a general rule, and at the extremes, body image concern in women would be associated with eating disorders, whereas with men exercise addiction is a concern, as is the use of anabolic steroids,” says Dr Edwards.
Recent research backs this up, with evidence of an increase in body-dissatisfaction among males. It has been known that boys go through a phase of relative dissatisfaction with appearance in early adolescence, but physical changes through puberty bring them closer to ideal. There is also some evidence that men undergoing a mid-life crisis (i.e. men between the ages of about 45 and 55) are more likely to be dissatisfied with their appearance.
“As a general rule, and at the extremes, body image concern in women would be associated with eating disorders, whereas with men exercise addiction is a concern, as is the use of anabolic steroids,” says Dr Edwards.
Recent research backs this up, with evidence of an increase in body-dissatisfaction among males. It has been known that boys go through a phase of relative dissatisfaction with appearance in early adolescence, but physical changes through puberty bring them closer to ideal. There is also some evidence that men undergoing a mid-life crisis (i.e. men between the ages of about 45 and 55) are more likely to be dissatisfied with their appearance.
How many men suffer from eating disorders?
No accurate figures exist. Roughly 0.5 - 1% of women between the ages of 18 and 25 experience anorexia nervosa. The figures for bulimia nervosa are probably a little higher. The rate among men is estimated to be only
5% of that in women. “Historically, body image research has been driven by interest in the eating disorders,” explains Dr Edwards. “Given the low figures for males it wasn’t really a research priority. Now, this is changing.”
No accurate figures exist. Roughly 0.5 - 1% of women between the ages of 18 and 25 experience anorexia nervosa. The figures for bulimia nervosa are probably a little higher. The rate among men is estimated to be only
5% of that in women. “Historically, body image research has been driven by interest in the eating disorders,” explains Dr Edwards. “Given the low figures for males it wasn’t really a research priority. Now, this is changing.”
Gay men and body image
Gay men are more likely than straight men to be unhappy with their reflection in the mirror. This seems to be mainly due to the higher emphasis on appearance in gay male culture, although it is possible that stability of relationships may also be a factor as it is often found that people in stable, long-term relationships have a more positive body image than singles.
www.thesite.org/healthandwellbeing/wellbeing/
bodyimageandselfesteem (23/08/2007)
Gay men are more likely than straight men to be unhappy with their reflection in the mirror. This seems to be mainly due to the higher emphasis on appearance in gay male culture, although it is possible that stability of relationships may also be a factor as it is often found that people in stable, long-term relationships have a more positive body image than singles.
www.thesite.org/healthandwellbeing/wellbeing/
bodyimageandselfesteem (23/08/2007)
1- The text states that
a)
women dye their
hair more than men do.
b)
young men look for
plastic surgery even if they are satisfied with their body.
c)
there has been a
change in the way the American society sees men.
d)
men have never
worried so much about their appearance as they currently do.
e)
David Beckham often
changes the way he looks.
2- Assinale a alternativa
correta quanto ao que se afirma a respeito dos vocábulos retirados do texto.
a) “amongst” é o mesmo que
“almost”.
b) “Maybe” expressa dúvida.
c) “up until recently”
significa o mesmo que “nowadays”.
d) “whereas” expressa uma
relação de igualdade.
e) “straight” tem relação
com o tipo de cabelo.
3- Assinale a alternativa
correta de acordo com o texto.
a) Há dez anos, os homens
não se preocupavam com a aparência.
b) Dr. Edwards pesquisa as
preocupações dos homens quanto à imagem corporal.
c) As mulheres sofrem as
mesmas pressões que os homens para serem magras.
d) A pressão da mídia é
maior para homens de meia-idade.
e) Dr. Edwards acredita que
homens e mulheres têm os mesmos problemas com a aparência.
4-
Choose the alternative in
which the word in the text does not refer to the present time or having begun
only a short time ago.
a)
“currently”
b)
“today”
c)
“just”
d)
“recent”
e)
“now”
5- According to the text:
a)
all skinny women
suffer from eating disorders.
b)
middle-aged men are
addicted to exercise and anabolic steroids.
c)
men and women have
different concerns about their looks.
d)
both adolescents
and older men are concerned about hair loss.
e)
men who are ‘too’
thin do not attract women.
6- Pelas informações
contidas no texto, pode-se afirmar que homossexuais:
a) gostam de ver sua imagem
refletida no espelho.
b) tendem a ser mais
insatisfeitos com sua imagem do que heterossexuais.
c) não sofrem qualquer
pressão quanto à sua aparência.
d) se envolvem em
relacionamentos estáveis e duradouros.
e) têm uma imagem do corpo mais positiva do que
os heterossexuais.
7-As palavras sublinhadas em “This seems to be
mainly due to the higher emphasis on appearance...” poderiam ser substituídas,
sem alteração no significado, por...
a) off duty.
b) because of.
c) in addition to.
d) on the whole.
e) different from.
8-
Em “Muscularity is not an
issue for women whereas it is for men...”, entende-se que “muscularity”
a) é um assunto tanto para
homens quanto para mulheres.
b) não é relevante para as
mulheres, porém o é para os homens.
c) não envolve o universo
masculino.
d) deve ser uma preocupação
para as mulheres.
e) é uma questão basicamente
heterossexual.
9- Assinale a alternativa
cujas palavras designam partes do corpo.
a) “hair” , “concerns”
b) “stomachs” , “chests”
c) “issues” , “steroids”
d) “physical” , “mid-life”
e) “appearance” , “mirror”
10-According
to the information in the text, eating disorders
a)
affect equally men
and women.
b)
can cause anorexia
in most teenagers.
c)
affect 5% of men
who are bulimic.
d)
did not occur in
men five years ago.
e)
were not researched
because there was no interest in them.
11-Analisando os vocábulos
extraídos do texto, assinale a alternativa incorreta.
a) “another” (linha 2)
refere-se sempre a um substantivo na forma singular.
b) “figures” é o mesmo que
“numbers representing an amount”.
c) “pretty” pode ser
traduzido, no texto, por “atraente”.
d) “addiction” é um falso
cognato que não significa “adição”.
e) "accurate”pode ter
como antônimo a palavra “imprecise”.
12-A leitura do texto
permite afirmar que
a) homens e mulheres estão
se tornando diferentes em relação aos seus corpos.
b) a busca por cirurgias
plásticas entre as mulheres decresceu.
c) os homens se sentem mais
altos quando murcham a barriga.
d) os homens não se
interessam por produtos contra calvície.
e) houve significativo
aumento na venda de tintura de cabelos para homens.
13-Choose
the alternative in which the form of the present perfect tense emphasizes the
continuity of the action.
a)
“... men have
started to care about the way they look.”
b)
“... it has doubled
in the last five years.”
c)
“In America sales
of men’s hair dyes have risen from 18 million to over 100 million...”
d)
“... suggesting
that up until recently men have been buying women’s skin care products for
themselves.”
e)
“... body image
research has been driven by interest in the eating disorders...”
14-Choose
the alternative in which the information about the affix is not correct.
a)
The prefix “re”, in
“repackaged”, conveys the idea of “again in a new and better way”.
b)
The prefix “dis”,
in “dissatisfied” and in “disorders” , shows an opposite or negative.
c)
The suffix “ful”,
in “doubtful”, means “having the quality of something or causing something”.
d)
The suffixes “ity”,
in “muscularity”, “ion”, in “addiction”, and “ance”, in “appearance” , are used
to form nouns in English.
e)
The suffix “ly”, in
“historically”, and the prefix “un”, in “unhappy”, indicate “lack of
something”.
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